:root{

  --bg:#ffffff;

  --card:#ffffff;

  --card2:#fafafa;

  --text:#111111;

  --muted:#555555;

  --fs-h1:25px;

  --fs-h2:22px;

  --fs-h3:19px;

  --fs-h4:14px;

  --fs-body:16px;

  --fs-small:13px;

  --lh-tight:1.1;

  --lh-regular:1.4;

  --lh-loose:1.6;

--accent:#800000;      /* IITM maroon */

--accent2:#a52a2a;     /* lighter maroon */

--link:#800000;

  --border:rgba(0,0,0,.12);

  --shadow:0 12px 28px rgba(0,0,0,.10);

  --radius:16px;

  --max:1200px;

}

*{ box-sizing:border-box; }

html,body{

  margin:0;

  padding:0;

}

body{

  font-family:ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, Segoe UI, Roboto, Helvetica, Arial;

  background:var(--bg);

  color:var(--text);

  font-size:var(--fs-body);

  line-height:var(--lh-loose);

}

.container{

  width:100%;

  max-width:var(--max);

  margin:0 auto;

  padding:40px 24px;

}

main.container{ padding-top:50px; }

h1,h2{

  color:#800000;

  font-weight:500;

}

h1{

  font-size:var(--fs-h1);

  margin:0 0 24px;

}

h2{

  font-size:var(--fs-h2);

  margin:0 0 20px;

}

h3{

  font-size:var(--fs-h3);

  font-weight:500;

  margin:20px 0 8px;

}

p{ margin:0 0 16px; }

.about-text{

  text-align:justify;

  line-height:1.8;

  margin-bottom:1.5rem;

}

a{

  color:var(--link);

  text-decoration:none;

}

a:hover{ text-decoration:underline; }

.small{

  font-size:var(--fs-small);

  color:var(--muted);

}

/* ---------- Navbar ---------- */

.navbar{

  position:sticky;

  top:0;

  z-index:1000;

  width:100%;

  background:linear-gradient(

    180deg,

    #1f1f1f 0%,

    #2d2d2d 50%,

    #3a3a3a 100%

  );

  border-bottom:2px solid #800000;

}

.nav-inner{

  max-width:var(--max);

  margin:0 auto;

  padding:10px 24px 8px;

  display:flex;

  flex-direction:column;

  gap:12px;

}

.nav-top{

  display:flex;

  justify-content:space-between;

  align-items:center;

  gap:24px;

}

.brand{

  display:flex;

  align-items:center;

  gap:22px;

  text-decoration:none;

}

.logo{

  width:130px;

  height:95px;

  object-fit:contain;

  border-radius:8px;

}

.title{

  display:flex;

  flex-direction:column;

  line-height:1.3;

}

.title strong{

  font-size:35px;

  font-weight:500;

  color:#ffffff;

  white-space:nowrap;

}

.tagline{

  font-size:22px;

  margin-top:8px;

  color:#d6d6d6;

  white-space:nowrap;

}

.iitm-logo{

  height:95px;

  width:auto;

  object-fit:contain;

}

.nav-links{

  display:flex;

  justify-content:flex-end;

  align-items:center;

  gap:18px;

  white-space:nowrap;

  overflow-x:auto;

}

.nav-links a{

  color:#ffffff;

  font-size:var(--fs-body);

  padding:8px 12px;

  border-radius:22px;

  border:1px solid transparent;

}

.nav-links a:hover{

  text-decoration:none;

  border-color:#a52a2a;

  background:rgba(128,0,0,.35);

}

.nav-links a.active{

  color:#ffffff;

  border-color:#a52a2a;

  background:#800000;

}

/* ---------- Cards ---------- */

.card{

  background:var(--card);

  border:1px solid var(--border);

  border-radius:var(--radius);

  padding:25px;

}

/* ---------- Apply Box ---------- */

.apply-box{

  margin-top:20px;

  padding:20px;

  border:1px solid var(--border);

  border-radius:8px;

  text-align:center;

  box-shadow:0 5px 15px rgba(0,0,0,.05);

  background:#fff;

}

.apply-box h3{ margin-top:0; }

.apply-box p{ color:var(--muted); }

/* ---------- Contact ---------- */

.contact-section{ margin-top:30px; }

.contact-grid{

  display:grid;

  grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;

  gap:30px;

  align-items:stretch;

}

.contact-card,

.map-card{

  display:flex;

  flex-direction:column;

  height:100%;

}

.contact-card p,

.map-card p{

  color:var(--muted);

  line-height:1.55;

}

.map-wrapper{

  margin-top:10px;

  border-radius:14px;

  overflow:hidden;

  border:1px solid var(--border);

}

.map-wrapper iframe{

  width:100%;

  height:230px;

  border:0;

  display:block;

}

.map-link{ margin-top:14px; }

/* ---------- Footer ---------- */

.footer{

  width:100%;

  background:#ffffff;

  border-top:1px solid #ddd;

  padding:34px 30px;

  margin-top:60px;

}

.footer-inner{

  max-width:var(--max);

  margin:0 auto;

  display:flex;

  justify-content:space-between;

  align-items:flex-start;

  gap:40px;

}

.footer-left strong{

  display:block;

  font-size:16px;

  font-weight:700;

  color:#111;

  margin-bottom:10px;

}

.footer-left p{

  margin:0;

  color:#444;

  line-height:1.7;

  font-size:14px;

}

.footer-right{ text-align:right; }

.footer-links{ margin-bottom:10px; }

.footer-links a{

  color:var(--link);

  font-size:16px;

  margin-left:22px;

  text-decoration:none;

}

.footer-links a:hover{ text-decoration:underline; }

.footer-right p{

  margin:0;

  color:#444;

  font-size:14px;

}

/* ---------- People Page ---------- */

.pi-section{ margin-bottom:60px; }

.people-section + .people-section{ margin-top:60px; }

.people-section h2{ margin-bottom:18px; }

.pi-section .person{

  display:flex;

  align-items:flex-start;

  gap:24px;

  background:white;

  padding:20px;

  border-radius:14px;

  box-shadow:0 6px 24px rgba(0,0,0,0.06);

}

.pi-section .person img{

  width:180px;

  height:220px;

  object-fit:cover;

  border-radius:12px;

  flex-shrink:0;

}

.pi-section .person .info{

  flex:1;

  display:flex;

  flex-direction:column;

  gap:10px;

}

/* Faculty, Students, Staff names */

.pi-section .person .name,

.people-grid .name{

  font-size:1.35rem;

  font-weight:600;

  color:#111;

  line-height:1.3;

}

.people-grid .person{

  display:flex;

  flex-direction:row;

  align-items:flex-start;

  gap:24px;

  padding:20px;

  border:1px solid var(--border);

  border-radius:16px;

  background:#fff;

  transition:all .25s ease;

}

.people-grid .person:hover{

  transform:translateY(-3px);

  box-shadow:0 10px 24px rgba(0,0,0,.08);

}

.people-grid .person img{

  width:180px;

  height:220px;

  object-fit:cover;

  border-radius:12px;

  flex-shrink:0;

  background:#f5f5f5;

}

.people-grid .info{

  flex:1;

  display:flex;

  flex-direction:column;

  gap:8px;

}


.pi-section .role,

.pi-section .education,

.pi-section .experience,

.pi-section .area,

.pi-section .links,

.people-grid .role,

.people-grid .education,

.people-grid .experience,

.people-grid .links,

.people-grid .area{

  font-size:0.97rem;

  color:var(--muted);

  line-height:1.5;

  font-weight:400;

}

.co-guide{

  display:block;

  margin-top:4px;

  font-size:0.95rem;

  font-weight:700;

  color:#333;

  line-height:1.5;

}

.pi-section .education strong,

.pi-section .experience strong,

.pi-section .area strong,

.people-grid .education strong,

.people-grid .experience strong,

.people-grid .area strong{

  color:#333;

  font-weight:600;

}

.research-list{

  margin:8px 0 0 22px;

  padding:0;

  color:var(--muted);

}

.research-list li{

  margin-bottom:5px;

  line-height:1.55;

  color:var(--muted);

}

.people-grid .links a,

.pi-section .links a{

  word-break:break-word;

}

/* ---------- Alumni ---------- */

.alumni-section{ margin-top:60px; }

.table-container{

  width:100%;

  overflow-x:auto;

}

.alumni-table{

  width:100%;

  border-collapse:collapse;

  margin-top:15px;

}

.alumni-table th,

.alumni-table td{

  padding:12px 16px;

  border:1px solid #e5e5e5;

  text-align:left;

}

.alumni-table th{

  background:#f7f7f7;

  font-weight:500;

}

.alumni-table tr:nth-child(even){ background:#fafafa; }

/* ---------- Group Photo ---------- */

.group-photo-section{ margin-top:60px; }

.group-photo{

  max-width:900px;

  margin:0 auto;

}

.group-photo img{

  width:100%;

  height:auto;

  border-radius:12px;

  box-shadow:0 12px 30px rgba(0,0,0,0.12);

  border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.08);

  display:block;

}

.group-photo-caption{

  font-size:13px;

  font-weight:300;

  font-style:italic;

  color:#555;

  line-height:1.5;

  margin-top:10px;

  text-align:left;

}

/* ---------- Research ---------- */

.research-blocks{ margin-top:1rem; }

.research-block{

  margin-bottom:3rem;

  padding:3rem;

  background:#ffffff;

  border-radius:12px;

  box-shadow:0 6px 18px rgba(0,0,0,0.06);

  overflow:hidden;

}

.research-block h2{ margin-bottom:1rem; }

.research-content p{

  text-align:justify;

  line-height:1.75;

  color:#444;

}

.research-content ul{

  margin:12px 0 20px 22px;

  padding:0;

}

.research-content li{

  margin-bottom:8px;

  line-height:1.6;

  color:#444;

}

.research-image{ margin:2rem 0; }

.research-image:not(.research-image-grid){

  text-align:center;

}

.research-image:not(.research-image-grid) img{

  width:100%;

  max-width:1100px;

  height:auto;

  object-fit:contain;

  display:block;

  margin:0 auto;

  background:#fff;

  border:1px solid #e6e6e6;

  border-radius:10px;

  padding:12px;

  box-shadow:0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,.06);

  transition:transform .25s ease;

}

.research-image:not(.research-image-grid) img:hover{

  transform:scale(1.01);

}

.research-image-grid{

  display:grid;

  grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));

  gap:30px;

  align-items:stretch;

}

.research-image-grid img{

  width:100%;

  height:420px;

  object-fit:contain;

  object-position:center;

  display:block;

  background:#fff;

  border:1px solid #e6e6e6;

  border-radius:10px;

  padding:12px;

  box-shadow:0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.05);

  transition:transform .25s ease;

}

.research-image-grid img:hover{

  transform:scale(1.01);

}

.research-paper{

  margin-top:1.8rem;

  padding-top:1rem;

  border-top:1px solid #ddd;

  font-size:0.95rem;

  line-height:1.6;

  color:#333;

}

.research-paper p{ margin-bottom:1rem; }

.research-paper a{

  text-decoration:none;

  border-bottom:1px solid #800000;

  color:#800000;

}

/* ---------- Buttons ---------- */

.doi-chip,

.report-chip{

  display:inline-block;

  padding:4px 10px;

  font-size:11px;

  border-radius:999px;

  background:var(--accent);

  color:#fff !important;

  text-decoration:none;

  transition:0.15s ease;

  border-bottom:none !important;

}

.doi-chip:hover,

.report-chip:hover{

  background:var(--accent2);

  color:#fff !important;

}

/* ---------- Funding ---------- */

.funding-section{ margin-top:60px; }

.funding-side{

  display:flex;

  justify-content:center;

  align-items:flex-start;

  gap:60px;

  flex-wrap:wrap;

  margin-top:30px;

}

.funding-item{

  display:flex;

  flex-direction:column;

  align-items:center;

  gap:12px;

}

.funding-item img{

  max-height:100px;

  width:auto;

  object-fit:contain;

}

.funding-name{

  font-size:var(--fs-small);

  color:var(--muted);

  max-width:220px;

}

/* ---------- Tabs ---------- */

.tab-nav{

  list-style:none;

  padding:0;

  margin:30px 0 20px;

  display:flex;

  gap:30px;

  border-bottom:1px solid var(--border);

}

.tab-link{

  color:var(--accent2);

  padding-bottom:8px;

  display:inline-block;

  font-size:17px;

}

.tab-link.active{

  color:var(--accent);

  border-bottom:2px solid var(--accent);

  font-weight:500;

}

.tab-panel{ display:none; }

.tab-panel.active{ display:block; }

/* ---------- Publications ---------- */

.pub-table{ margin-top:20px; }

.pub-header,

.pub-row{

  display:grid;

  grid-template-columns:60px 80px 1fr;

  gap:20px;

}

.pub-header{

  padding:12px 0;

  border-bottom:2px solid var(--border);

  font-size:var(--fs-h4);

  font-weight:500;

}

.pub-row{

  padding:20px 0;

  border-bottom:1px solid var(--border);

}

.pub-col-index,

.pub-col-year,

.pub-authors,

.pub-journal,

.pub-doi{

  font-size:var(--fs-h4);

}

.pub-journal{ color:var(--muted); }

.pub-col-main{

  display:flex;

  flex-direction:column;

  gap:6px;

}

.pub-title{

  font-weight:500;

  font-size:var(--fs-body);

}

/* ---------- Teaching ---------- */

.list{

  display:grid;

  gap:18px;

}

.item{

  border:1px solid var(--border);

  border-radius:var(--radius);

  padding:14px 16px;

  box-shadow:0 5px 10px rgba(0,0,0,.05);

}

.item .title{

  font-weight:500;

  font-size:var(--fs-body);

}

/* ---------- Projects ---------- */

.projects-table{

  width:100%;

  border-collapse:collapse;

  margin-top:20px;

}

.projects-table th,

.projects-table td{

  text-align:left;

  padding:10px 8px;

  border-bottom:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.08);

  font-size:var(--fs-body);

}

.projects-table th{

  border-bottom:2px solid var(--border);

  font-weight:500;

}

.report-col{

  text-align:center;

  width:50px;

}

/* ---------- Events ---------- */

.event-section{ margin-top:45px; }

.event-tile{

  background:#ffffff;

  border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.06);

  padding:20px 24px;

  border-radius:8px;

  margin-bottom:20px;

  box-shadow:0 5px 12px rgba(0,0,0,.08);

}

.event-date{

  font-size:var(--fs-h4);

  color:var(--muted);

  margin-bottom:8px;

}

.event-title{

  font-size:var(--fs-body);

  font-weight:500;

  line-height:1.5;

  margin-bottom:10px;

}

.notice{

  border:1px solid var(--border);

  background:#fafafa;

  border-radius:10px;

  padding:16px 20px;

  color:var(--muted);

}

/* ---------- Tablet ---------- */

@media(max-width:900px){

  .container{

    padding:36px 22px;

  }

  main.container{

    padding-top:40px;

  }

  .nav-top{

    flex-direction:column;

    text-align:center;

    gap:10px;

  }

  .brand{

    flex-direction:column;

    gap:8px;

  }

  .logo{

    width:95px;

    height:auto;

  }

  .title strong{

    white-space:normal;

    font-size:26px;

    line-height:1.2;

  }

  .tagline{

    white-space:normal;

    font-size:17px;

    line-height:1.35;

    max-width:620px;

    margin-top:5px;

  }

  .iitm-logo{

    height:65px;

  }

  .nav-links{

    width:100%;

    justify-content:center;

    flex-wrap:wrap;

    gap:10px 14px;

  }

  .nav-links a{

    font-size:15px;

    padding:6px 10px;

    border-radius:16px;

  }

  .contact-grid{

    grid-template-columns:1fr;

  }

  .pi-section .person{

    flex-direction:column;

    text-align:center;

    align-items:center;

  }

  .pi-section .person img{

    width:250px;

    height:250px;

    margin:0 auto;

  }

  .research-image-grid{

    grid-template-columns:1fr;

  }

  .research-image-grid img{

    height:auto;

    max-height:none;

  }

}

/* ---------- Mobile ---------- */

@media(max-width:600px){

  :root{

    --fs-h1:24px;

    --fs-h2:21px;

    --fs-h3:18px;

    --fs-body:16px;

  }

  .container{

    padding:30px 18px;

  }

  main.container{

    padding-top:34px;

  }

  .navbar{

    position:relative;

  }

  .nav-inner{

    padding:10px 16px 12px;

    gap:12px;

  }

  .nav-top{

    gap:8px;

  }

  .brand{

    gap:6px;

  }

  .logo{

    width:86px;

    height:auto;

  }

  .title strong{

    font-size:22px;

    line-height:1.18;

    white-space:normal;

  }

  .tagline{

    font-size:14px;

    line-height:1.35;

    margin-top:4px;

    white-space:normal;

  }

  .iitm-link{

    display:none;

  }

  .nav-links{

    display:grid;

    grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));

    gap:8px;

    width:100%;

    overflow:visible;

    white-space:normal;

  }

  .nav-links a{

    display:block;

    width:100%;

    text-align:center;

    font-size:14px;

    padding:7px 8px;

    border-radius:14px;

    background:rgba(255,255,255,0.22);

  }

 .nav-links a.active{

  background:#800000;

  color:#ffffff;

}

  .footer{

    padding:28px 20px;

    margin-top:40px;

  }

  .footer-inner{

    flex-direction:column;

    text-align:center;

    align-items:center;

    gap:20px;

  }

  .footer-right{

    text-align:center;

  }

  .footer-links a{

    margin:0 8px;

    font-size:15px;

  }

  .about-text{

    text-align:left;

    line-height:1.7;

  }

  .card{

    padding:18px;

  }

  .contact-grid{

    gap:20px;

  }

  .map-wrapper iframe{

    height:220px;

  }

  .people-grid .person{

    flex-direction:column;

    text-align:center;

    align-items:center;

    padding:18px;

  }

  .people-grid .person img{

    width:220px;

    height:260px;

    margin:0 auto;

  }

.pi-section .person .name,

.people-grid .name{

  font-size:1.35rem;

}

  .pi-section .person img{

    width:220px;

    height:220px;

  }

  .research-list{

    margin-left:20px;

    text-align:left;

  }

  .research-block{

    padding:1.4rem;

    margin-bottom:2rem;

  }

  .research-content p{

    text-align:left;

  }

  .research-image-grid{

    grid-template-columns:1fr;

    gap:18px;

  }

  .research-image-grid img,

  .research-image:not(.research-image-grid) img{

    width:100%;

    height:auto;

    max-height:none;

    padding:8px;

  }

  .pub-header,

  .pub-row{

    grid-template-columns:40px 58px 1fr;

    gap:10px;

  }

  .pub-header{

    font-size:13px;

  }

  .pub-title{

    font-size:15px;

  }

  .projects-table{

    display:block;

    overflow-x:auto;

    white-space:nowrap;

  }

  .tab-nav{

    gap:18px;

    overflow-x:auto;

    white-space:nowrap;

  }

}

/* ---------- Small Mobile ---------- */

@media(max-width:420px){

  .title strong{

    font-size:20px;

  }

  .tagline{

    font-size:13px;

  }

  .logo{

    width:76px;

  }

  .nav-links{

    grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;

    gap:7px;

  }

  .nav-links a{

    font-size:13.5px;

    padding:6px 7px;

  }

  .container{

    padding:26px 16px;

  }

  .people-grid .person img{

    width:200px;

    height:240px;

  }

  .research-block{

    padding:1.2rem;

  }

  .footer-links{

    display:flex;

    flex-wrap:wrap;

    justify-content:center;

    gap:8px 14px;

  }

  .footer-links a{

    margin:0;

  }

}