{"id":1840,"date":"2024-02-28T15:00:21","date_gmt":"2024-02-28T09:30:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/home.iitm.ac.in\/sunil\/?page_id=1840"},"modified":"2024-10-10T14:49:16","modified_gmt":"2024-10-10T09:19:16","slug":"research","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/home.iitm.ac.in\/sunil\/index.php\/research\/","title":{"rendered":"Research"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1840\" class=\"elementor elementor-1840\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ed5342b e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ed5342b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c73a23 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0c73a23\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e3ee3a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e3ee3a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Research<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-74fd2b0 e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"74fd2b0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e7a2e9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3e7a2e9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Overview<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-233ceaa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"233ceaa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span lang=\"EN-US\">The research work of Prof. P. B. Sunil Kumar ( PBSK) group \u00a0is mainly focused on Soft and Biological matter with special emphasis on lipid membranes, polymers and\u00a0 colloids.\u00a0 The major activity of the group \u00a0have been in employing computer simulation techniques to investigate the properties of these systems in its\u00a0 equilibrium, non-equilibrium and active steady states<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8a3c951 e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"8a3c951\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-381bbe1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"381bbe1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Current Research Topics<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f972dd9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f972dd9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">Reversible shape morphism of Vapour-responsive polymer films<\/li><li class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">Multiscale modelling of chromatin assembly and dynamics<\/li><li class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">Polymer models for Chromatin\u00a0organization<\/li><li class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">Active membrane recycling induced morphology changes in vesicles<\/li><li class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">Tumbling dynamics of single Active polymer in shear flow<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ea6c66 e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4ea6c66\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6880e43 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6880e43\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f51149a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f51149a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/home.iitm.ac.in\/sunil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Biological-Physics.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2137\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/home.iitm.ac.in\/sunil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Biological-Physics.jpg 500w, https:\/\/home.iitm.ac.in\/sunil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Biological-Physics-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/home.iitm.ac.in\/sunil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Biological-Physics-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d599f0 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1d599f0\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f2af4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8f2af4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Biological Physics<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0701632 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0701632\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Apart from partitioning the inner and outer environments of the cell, biomembranes also act as support for complex and specialized molecular machinery, crucial for various physiological functions and trans-membrane transport. Though biological membranes are very complex and can in general be far from equilibrium, knowledge of the properties of simple model membranes will be extremely useful in providing understanding of this molecular machinery. Such a study should also be essential for developing new applications involving liposomes. With this as the motivation we have been studying \u00a0the dynamics of two component fluid membranes and membranes with protein like inclusions\u00a0 using a variety of techniques<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-995bd42 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"995bd42\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"#\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Explore<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d214f7 e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"6d214f7\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-47189ec e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"47189ec\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-638dd26 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"638dd26\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Active Matter<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d1d1e1e elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d1d1e1e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<em>Active polymers;<\/em><em>\u00a0Components which convert chemical energy to mechanical energy internally are ubiquitous in biology. Common examples where this conversion leads to autonomous propulsion are molecular motors and bacteria . Recently, biomimetic elements which convert chemical energy into translational or rotational\u00a0 motion have also \u00a0been realized in the laboratory. There are ample instances in biology, however, where the conversion of chemical to mechanical energy is not confined to a particle-like element but is, instead, distributed over a line-like element. Such a situation arises, for example, in a microtubule with a row of molecular motors converting energy while walking on it.  <br>The mechanical energy thus obtained not only produces motion of the motors but also generates reaction forces on the microtubule, which can deform elastically in response. Hydrodynamic interactions between the motors and between segments of the microtubule must be taken into account since both are surrounded by a fluid. This combination of elasticity, autonomous motility through energy conversion and hydrodynamics is found in biomimetic contexts as well. A recent example is provided by mixtures of motors which crosslink and walk on polymer bundles. A remarkable cilia-like beating phenomenon is observed in these systems. <\/em>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-30eebf0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"30eebf0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"#\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Explore<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e0dacc0 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e0dacc0\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e56c3c6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e56c3c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/home.iitm.ac.in\/sunil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Active-Matter.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2138\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/home.iitm.ac.in\/sunil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Active-Matter.jpg 500w, https:\/\/home.iitm.ac.in\/sunil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Active-Matter-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/home.iitm.ac.in\/sunil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Active-Matter-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22eefe4 e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"22eefe4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0186f9 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c0186f9\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-00a475c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"00a475c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Self Assembly<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-53751f2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"53751f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>write up to be added<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-feb9575 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"feb9575\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"#\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Explore<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7cca7d1 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7cca7d1\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-557aa85 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"557aa85\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/home.iitm.ac.in\/sunil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/self-assembly.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2136\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/home.iitm.ac.in\/sunil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/self-assembly.jpg 500w, https:\/\/home.iitm.ac.in\/sunil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/self-assembly-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/home.iitm.ac.in\/sunil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/self-assembly-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d1f1247 e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d1f1247\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ccb0ca e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3ccb0ca\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-783cc92 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"783cc92\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Soft Materials<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bfedd3f elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bfedd3f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Interaction between charged vesicles:<\/em><em> They \u00a0observed monoclonal antibodies &#8211; mediated coalescence of negatively charged giant unilamellar phospholipid vesicles upon close approach of the vesicles. This feature was theoretically described by using functional density theory and Monte Carlo simulations of two interacting flat electrical double layers where charged surfaces are generated by phospholipid headgroups. Antibodies were considered as dimeric counterions of finite dimensions. Spatial distribution of charge within a counterion is considered by two effective charges at a fixed distance. The minimization of the free energy was performed to obtain the equilibrium configuration of the system. Both, the rigorous solution of the variational problem and the Monte Carlo simulations show that orientational ordering of counterions subject to the gradient of the electric field gives rise to an attractive interaction between charged surfaces for high enough charge densities of the interacting surfaces and large enough separations between charges within the counterion.<\/em><strong><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a572a6c elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"a572a6c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"#\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Explore<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b65122 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0b65122\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cb10fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5cb10fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/home.iitm.ac.in\/sunil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Soft-Materials.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2135\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/home.iitm.ac.in\/sunil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Soft-Materials.jpg 500w, https:\/\/home.iitm.ac.in\/sunil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Soft-Materials-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/home.iitm.ac.in\/sunil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Soft-Materials-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Research Overview The research work of Prof. P. B. Sunil Kumar ( PBSK) group \u00a0is mainly focused on Soft and Biological matter with special emphasis on lipid membranes, polymers and\u00a0 colloids.\u00a0 The major activity of the group \u00a0have been in employing computer simulation techniques to investigate the properties of these systems in its\u00a0 equilibrium, non-equilibrium and active steady states Current Research Topics Reversible shape morphism of Vapour-responsive polymer films Multiscale modelling of chromatin assembly and dynamics Polymer models for Chromatin\u00a0organization Active membrane recycling induced morphology changes in vesicles Tumbling dynamics of single Active polymer in shear flow Biological Physics Apart from partitioning the inner and outer environments of the cell, biomembranes also act as support for complex and specialized molecular machinery, crucial for various physiological functions and trans-membrane transport. Though biological membranes are very complex and can in general be far from equilibrium, knowledge of the properties of simple model membranes will be extremely useful in providing understanding of this molecular machinery. Such a study should also be essential for developing new applications involving liposomes. With this as the motivation we have been studying \u00a0the dynamics of two component fluid membranes and membranes with protein like inclusions\u00a0 using a variety of techniques Explore Active Matter Active polymers;\u00a0Components which convert chemical energy to mechanical energy internally are ubiquitous in biology. Common examples where this conversion leads to autonomous propulsion are molecular motors and bacteria . Recently, biomimetic elements which convert chemical energy into translational or rotational\u00a0 motion have also \u00a0been realized in the laboratory. There are ample instances in biology, however, where the conversion of chemical to mechanical energy is not confined to a particle-like element but is, instead, distributed over a line-like element. Such a situation arises, for example, in a microtubule with a row of molecular motors converting energy while walking on it. The mechanical energy thus obtained not only produces motion of the motors but also generates reaction forces on the microtubule, which can deform elastically in response. Hydrodynamic interactions between the motors and between segments of the microtubule must be taken into account since both are surrounded by a fluid. This combination of elasticity, autonomous motility through energy conversion and hydrodynamics is found in biomimetic contexts as well. A recent example is provided by mixtures of motors which crosslink and walk on polymer bundles. A remarkable cilia-like beating phenomenon is observed in these systems. Explore Self Assembly write up to be added Explore Soft Materials Interaction between charged vesicles: They \u00a0observed monoclonal antibodies &#8211; mediated coalescence of negatively charged giant unilamellar phospholipid vesicles upon close approach of the vesicles. This feature was theoretically described by using functional density theory and Monte Carlo simulations of two interacting flat electrical double layers where charged surfaces are generated by phospholipid headgroups. Antibodies were considered as dimeric counterions of finite dimensions. Spatial distribution of charge within a counterion is considered by two effective charges at a fixed distance. The minimization of the free energy was performed to obtain the equilibrium configuration of the system. Both, the rigorous solution of the variational problem and the Monte Carlo simulations show that orientational ordering of counterions subject to the gradient of the electric field gives rise to an attractive interaction between charged surfaces for high enough charge densities of the interacting surfaces and large enough separations between charges within the counterion.\u00a0 Explore<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"","ocean_second_sidebar":"","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"","ocean_custom_header_template":"","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1840","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/home.iitm.ac.in\/sunil\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1840"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/home.iitm.ac.in\/sunil\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/home.iitm.ac.in\/sunil\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/home.iitm.ac.in\/sunil\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/home.iitm.ac.in\/sunil\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1840"}],"version-history":[{"count":53,"href":"https:\/\/home.iitm.ac.in\/sunil\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1840\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2847,"href":"https:\/\/home.iitm.ac.in\/sunil\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1840\/revisions\/2847"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/home.iitm.ac.in\/sunil\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1840"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}